Dyslipidemia and mean lipid profile in patients with liver cirrhosis

Background: Patients with liver disorders are often found to have deranged lipid profile. Clear decline is observed in the levels of cholesterol as well as TG among individuals having severe hepatitis and liver failure as synthesis of lipoprotein is reduced. This study was done to determine the frequency of dyslipidemia and the mean lipid profile values in patients of liver cirrhosis.Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive study, done at the Department of Medicine, Medical Unit-1, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, from July to December 2019. A total of 246 patients presented with cirrhosis of liver of age 20-60 years and both genders were included. Analysis for serum total cholesterol (TC) level, serum triglycerides level, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were done and findings were noted.Results: Mean age was 51.67±6.21 years. Out of the 246 patients, 153 (62.20%) were male and 93 (37.80%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Mean values of lipid were, LDL cholesterol 95.76±29.65 mg/dl, HDL 43.37±11.46 mg/dl, TC 147.51±42.69 mg/dl and TG 101.29±21.59 mg/dl. Dyslipidemia was found in 59 (23.98%) patients, whereas there was no dyslipidemia in 187 (76.02%) patients.Conclusions: Frequency of dyslipidemia in cirrhotic patients is high. Evaluating patients of liver cirrhosis, dyslipidemia need to be considered for early recognition and analysis.

Developed and validated stability indicating HPLC method for the determination of epirubicin in bulk drug, marketed injection and polymeric nanoparticles

Present work is aimed to develop a simple, sensitive, robust and reliable HPLC method for routine quality control of epirubicin (EPI) in bulk drug, marketed injections and polymeric nanoparticles. Separation was carried out by C18 column. Isocratic elution was carried out using mobile phase A: 0.16% o-phosphoric acid solution, B: acetonitrile and methanol mixture (80:20, v/v) in the ratio of 60:40 (A: B) while the flow rate was maintained at 1mL/min. Analyses were performed at 233.5 nm using PDA detector. Excellent linear relationship was observed between peak-area versus drug concentration in the range of 1.0-100.0 µg/mL (r2, 0.999). Developed method was found to be sensitive (Limits of detection and quantification were found to be ~8 ng/mL and ~25 ng/mL, respectively), precise (RSD <1.0%, for repeatability and <2.0% for intermediate precision, within acceptable ranges of precision), accurate (recovery in different dosage form, 94.65 -100.26%, within acceptable range, 80-120%), specific and robust (% RSD <2, for system suitability parameters). Stress-induced degradation studies demonstrated that method can suitability be applied in the presence of degradants. Developed method has been successfully applied for the determination of entrapment efficiency, drug loading, in vitro release profile, in vitro permeation studies as well as stability assessment of polymeric nanoparticles

Visual outcome and complications after ND-YAG laser capsulotomy in patients with posterior capsular opacification

Cataract remains the most common treatable cause of blindness in the developing world including Pakistan. Posterior capsular Opacification is a natural consequence of extra capsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification. To see complications during and after Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy and evaluate the visual outcome in aphakic and pseudophakic patients with posterior capsular Opacification. The study was conducted on consecutive aphakic and pseudophakic patients suffering from posterior capsular Opacification who were admitted for Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy at Ophthalmology Department of Saidu Teaching Hospital, Saidu Sharif, Swat, from November 2006 to May 2007. Out of 45 cases, 28 [62.2%] were males and 17 [37.8%] females. The mean age was 56 years and the mean time interval between cataract surgery and Nd-YAG capsulotomy was 31.2 months. Fifty eyes of 45 patients with posterior capsular Opacification underwent Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy, of which 27 [54%] were right and 23[46%] were left sided. Twenty nine [58%] eyes had capsular fibrosis, 14[28%] had Elschnig pearls, 6[12%] had both capsular fibrosis and Elschnig pearls and one [2%] eye had capsular wrinkling. Damage to intraocular lens in two eyes and corneal bum in one eye were procedural complications. Post-laser complications were raised intraocular pressure in 7 eyes, corneal oedema and anterior uveitis in two eyes each. Twenty five [50%] eyes had visual acuity of 6/60 or less before capsulotomy. The visual acuity after Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy was 6/60 or less in 15[30%] eyes. Four [8%] eyes had good pre-laser visual acuity of 6/6-6/12; while 14[28%] eyes had post laser visual acuity of 6/6-6/12. No case had further deterioration of visual acuity after Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy. Capsular fibrosis is the commonest presentation of posterior capsular Opacification. Damage to intraocular lens and corneal burn were encountered during procedure. Majority of patients had significant improvement in visual acuity. Raised intraocular pressure, corneal oedema and iritis were seen as post laser complications